Sorosis Professional Womens Club

Sorosis, a professional womens association, was created in 1868 by Jane Cunningham Croly, because women were usually shut out of membership in the organizations of many professions. Croly, for example, was prohibited from joining the male-only New York Press Club. ï » ¿The word sorosis comes from the botanical name for a fruit formed from the ovaries or receptacles of many flowers merged together. An example is the pineapple. It may also have been intended as a term related to sorority, which is derived from the Latin word soror or sister. The connotation of sorosis is aggregation. The term sororize has sometimes been used as a parallel to fraternize. Leadership The first president of Sorosis was Alice Cary, the poet, although she took the office reluctantly. Josephine Pollard and Fanny Fern were also members. Sorosis was founded the same year that Julia Ward Howe founded the New England Womans Club. Although the foundings were independent, they came out of the culture of the time when women were becoming more independent, becoming involved in professionals, becoming active in reform groups, and becoming interested in self-development. For Croly, the work of Sorosis was municipal housekeeping: applying to municipal problems the same principles of housekeeping that a well-educated woman was expected in the late 19th century to practice. Croly and others also hoped that the club would inspire confidence in women, and bring womanly self-respect and self-knowledge. The group, under Crolys leadership, resisted a push to get the organization in alignment with women wage earners, preferring to solve our problems and focusing on the self-growth of members. Founding of General Federation of Womens Clubs In 1890, delegates from more than 60 womens clubs were brought together by Sorosis to form the General Federation of Womens Clubs, which had as its mission helping local clubs get better organized and encouraging clubs to work together on lobbying efforts for social reforms such as health, education, conservation, and government reforms.

Government Compensation For Organ Donation - 1371 Words

Government Compensation for Organ Donation From an early age, I knew that I would be an organ donor, and when I turned sixteen I began participating in blood drives at my high school. Donating blood became routine, something that my husband and I continue to do together. The reason behind why I donate blood is because it would be quite selfish of me to deny someone, even a complete stranger the gift of life when I am fully capable of giving it. However, the sad reality is that many Americans choose not to participate in organ donation of any kind. Organs from cadavers often discarded if the family fails to make arrangements for them to be donated prior to the deceased being removed from life support. These types of situations significantly†¦show more content†¦The government prides itself on offering protection to its citizens; yet they are well aware about the dangers associated with the black market and provide very few safe and legitimate opportunities that would discourage people from pursuing that avenue. Krauth ammer in great detail elucidates, â€Å"In 2009 the FBI arrested a Brooklyn rabbi who authorities claim was buying kidneys from financially desperate Israelis for $10,000 and selling them in the United States for $160,000†. Some critics of organ donor compensation may suggest that eliminating the black market in America is impossible. These faultfinders will express that the black market will simply put a much larger monetary value on organs. Consequently this may encourage the underprivileged to continue to seek out those involved with transplant tourism. Perhaps those controlling the black market will attract people by offering quick procedures and offering transplants in otherwise dangerous medical circumstances. Although this may be true, and those truly desperate may still consider the black market as their only opportunity it is important to remember that by allowing for donor compensation the number of donors and recipients will significantly increase. Furthermore, thi s type of black market activity results in unsafe procedures and unnecessary risks to life. The possibility of rejection by the body greatly increases when recipients of black market organs do not receive proper

Corporate Sponship in Event Free Essays

string(41) " in the new markets through sponsorship\." Thanks to increases in leisure time and discretionary spending nowadays, community groups as well as individuals are becoming enthusiastic in events according to their interests. Events have occupy our newspapers and television screens as well as much of our free time and enrich our lives (Bowdin et al. , 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Sponship in Event or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, events have a substantial contribution to the national economy. In UK, the event industry generates over ? 36 billion every year, which sustain at least 530,000 full-time jobs (Bladen et al. 2012). Under the trend, the business sector has take events and events’ sponsorship into consideration when making their marketing strategies. Globally, expenditure on event sponsorship has been escalating each year – from USD 44 billion in 2009 to an estimated USD 51. 1 billion in 2012 (IEG, 2013). The overall sponsorship spending in the UK each year is around ? 934 million, made up of sports (51%), arts and business (18%), broadcasting (20%) and others (10%) (Mermiri and South, 2009). Before analyzing the relationship between sponsorship and event, the two concepts should be clarified first. An event can be defined as â€Å"an organized occasion such as meeting, convention, exhibition, special event, gala dinner, etc. an event is often composed of several different related functions† (Getz, 2005, p. 16). According to International Events Group (IEG, 1995), sponsorship is â€Å"a cash and/or in-kind fee paid to a property in return for access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with the property†. In this essay, the scope of the event industry and main types of sponsorship will be introduced at first. Then, the importance of corporate sponsorship in the event industry will be examined by considering the benefits to both sponsors and events. Next, the essay will critically analyze the risks of corporate sponsorship and discuss other sources of event funding. Finally, the conclusion can be drawn as corporate sponsorship plays a significant role in the event industry but potential risks such as ambush marketing should not be ignored. In addition, other sources of funding are essential to successes of events. The event industry has a large scope; here, only some key components will be presented. Event organisations, staging or hosting events, are core element of the event industry. Besides, professional groups or individuals who organize events on behalf of their clients are called event management companies are emerging with the event industry. There are also various suppliers covering staging, lighting , transport, accommodation and security of the event industry. External regulatory bodies and publications have tight relations with the event industry as well (Bowdin et al. , 2011). As for types of sponsorship, cash is the most common source provided by sponsors to support the event (Wagen Carlos, 2006). Sponsors can also offer ‘value in kind’ by providing free goods and services to events (Wagen, 2007). Other sponsorship may cover the media coverage, IT support, entertainment speaker sessions and etc. From the sponsor’s perspective, sponsors have objectives that fit into one or more of these areas: to increase product or brand awareness, to develop corporate image, to drive sales, or to develop market strategy (Yeoman et al. , 2004). To begin with, sponsors can gain benefits from marketing area through sponsoring the event industry. Sponsorship is acting as a more effective way of market promoting, sales driving and reaching the target market (Bowdin et al. , 2011). Among various traditional marketing promotion methods such as advertising or personal selling, sponsorship is argued to be one of the most effective means of communicate and form relationships with consumers and business partners (Grey and Skildum-Reid, 2003). Siegel (2001) investigated the sponsorship of tobacco industry and found that despite a federal ban on tobacco advertising on television, tobacco companies achieve the equivalent of more than $150million in television advertising per year through their sponsorship of televised motor sports events. From 1997 through 1999, tobacco companies achieved 169 hours of television advertising exposure and $410. 5 million of advertising value for their products by sponsoring motor sports events. In addition, events provide sponsors with an environment where consumers are relax and better accept marketing message; therefore, sponsorship is key driver of product sales (Bowdin et al. , 2011). There are two main ways for companies with products achieve high sales goals including an exclusive in-game presence at sporting events or exclusive rights in their product ategory at a festival. For instance, Tiger Beer sponsors the Tartan Asian Extreme Festival and distributes samples of their beer to attendants as part of an integrated marketing campaign which also included the launch of The Tigers’ awards to celebrate Asian films in the UK (Anon, 2005c). The Stongbow Rooms, an online game company, launched the Scottish Courage Strongbow Rooms concept resulted in an estimated increase in 12% monthly sales gain (Scottish Courage, 2005). The sponsorship of the event industry is an emerging new channel of sales driving for sponsors. Moreover, events also help sponsors get access to specific niche/target markets. For example, O2 sponsored music concerts to appeal to a youth market and establish itself as the biggest mobile network in the youth market (Carter, 2004). Saudia Private Aviation (SPA), an affiliate of Saudi Arabian Airlines, has renewed its sponsorship of the 6th edition of EXCS International Luxury Motor Show. The company believed that the event offer a platform for them to reach prominent people and the high-class segment of the community, who SPA targets through its marketing programs. (AMEinfo, 2012). Next, brand awareness and brand image of sponsors’ can also be created and developed through sponsorship, especially for companies expanding into new international markets (Noordin et al. , 2011; Bowdin et al. , 2011; Yeoman et al. , 2004; Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 2000; Cornwell et al. , 2001). Perceptions of a brand are increasingly linked to consumers’ experience with the brand. Thus, in brand strategy, delivering a comprehensive brand experience is becoming paramount, whereby ‘‘marketing and external communications help build the brand, but nothing is more powerful than the customer’s actual experience’’ (Berry, 2000, p. 36). The case of Vodafone entering New Zealand mobile telecommunications market is a suitable example to illustrate the effectiveness of brand awareness and image building in the new markets through sponsorship. You read "Corporate Sponship in Event" in category "Papers" The initial step of Vodafone setting into the New Zealand mobile telecommunications market was in 1998, and it had dominated 45% of the market until 2003. Sponsorship was an integral component of Vodafone’s brand strategy. Vodafone sponsored Rugby, New Zealand’s national mass-audience sports, in order to quickly and effectively reated brand awareness among target groups when entering the new market. Then Vodafone use sponsorship as a platform to let customer experience products and develop emotional connections. Thus, it not only create broad awareness alone but also build brand personality among consumers and create links to popular youth culture, facilitating much closer bonds between customer and the brand (Cliffe Motion, 2005). Besides obvious financial benefits, sponsorship allow sponsors to build up corporate images Bowdin et al. , 2011. Corporate image and brand image are two different concepts. Corporate image may or may not be related with its products or services and usually be associated with corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Godfrey, 2006). Usually, companies support charity events to create goodwill in the community. For example, NPower became headline sponsor for Macmillan Cancer Relief World’s Biggest Coffee Morning improve to its brand perception (Anon, 2004). Wu (2002) added that companies such as petroleum, tobacco and weapon industries whose image need some polishing were likely to offer sponsorships to arts, culture and charity events to leave good impressions to the public. Furthermore, sponsorships are also used as incentives for a company’s workforce and create better employee relations IEG (2008). Companies often perceive event sponsorship as a way to offer their employees access to the events or corporate rewards to motivate them. For example, Royal Bank of Scotland’s and Edinburgh International Festival secured New Partnership funding from Arts ; Business which enabled the bank’s staff to take part in ‘Royal Bank Turn Up and Try It’ workshops. By involving staff in the arts sponsorship, the bank wanted to form more creative thinking, dealing effectively with customers or colleagues of their employees (Royal Bank of Scotland, 2003). The business involving staffs events aims to creating more intensive inter-staff relationships and loyalty to companies as well as staff moral and the like (Godfrey, 2006). From the event’s perspective, the financial investment, in-kind support and media exposure are three main benefits that event organizers seek from sponsors (Watt, 1998). Watt (1998) argued that events could not be successful happen without adequate financial support. Financial investment is the most obvious and direct income for events. The 2004 Edinburgh International Festival received around ? 1. 73 million from sponsors and donator, accounting for 27% of the total income (Bowdin, 2006). Except for cash, in-kind support is vital to event organizers as well. Crompton (1994) summarize four main types of in-kind services including product support, personnel support, communication resources and expertise and intangible benefit of â€Å"institutional clout† conferred on the event. According to the research done by Cultural Ministers Council (2002) on cultural sponsorship in Australia, in-kind support approximate 83% of organizations’ sponsorship commitment. Over 60% of respondents provide in-kind services covering legal and financial advisory services, IT support, auditing, marketing and management expertise and etc. (Richards ; Palmer, 2010). As for â€Å"institution clout†, if an event links to a sponsor with a strong, positive public image, then sponsorship may help legitimize the event and improve its public profile (Crompton, 1994). In addition, media exposure is also beneficial for events by not only promoting events to the public but also securing financial sponsorships easier (Crompton, 1994). In addition, media exposure is also beneficial for events by not only promoting events to the public but also securing financial sponsorships easier (Crompton, 1994). In 2000 Sydney Olympics, Nike, one of official sponsors, launched its pre-Olympic advertising campaign, which not only promote its own brand but also the Sydney Olympic Games (Tripodi and Hirons, 2009). In spited of all the benefits brought to both sponsors and event organizers, there are still a number of potential risks associated with implementation of sponsorship, which should be paid enough attention to (Wagen, 2007). For the sponsors, first and the foremost is the â€Å"ambush marketing† issue. McKelvey (1994) describes it as â€Å"a company’s intentional effort to weaken or ambush its competitor’s official sponsorship and seek to confuse the buying public as to which company really holds official sponsorship rights. Ambush marketing reduces the effectiveness of the sponsors message as well as pose a threat to sponsorship agreements (Meenaghan, 1996). In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the torchbearer was Li Ning, a former gymnast and now the chairman of Li Ning company, which easily made the greatest 2 or 3 minutes of free advertising for Li Ning company. Although Adidas was the official footwear sponsor other than Li Ning, 67. 4% respondents incorrectly recognized Li Ning as the official footwear sponsor (Pitt et al. , 2010). Moreover, the ‘fit’ between a sponsor and an event is vital for the success of the sponsorship (Wagen White, 2010). Not every company is the potential sponsor for every enent (Decker, 1991). Inappropriate sponsorships not only cannot achieve the desired outcomes of sponsors’ but also waste time and money or may even negatively influence their brand images. For example, Southland Corporation, the former owner of 4,000 7-Eleven convenience stores, sponsored cycling events. There was no obvious link between the stores and cycling so that the target audience did not get the marketing information of the company thus no significant increase in sales(Crompton, 1994). For the event organizers, it is well worth remembering sponsors are temporary and unstable for various reasons such as economic recession or government ban. For example, the government ban tobacco sponsorship in sport; thus, event organizers will lose all sponsorship from tobacco companies immediately (Bowdin et al. , 2011). In addition, sponsors are a stakeholder that event organizers have to make additional efforts to satisfy their requirements (Crompton, 1994). Sometimes, sponsors can be more trouble than they are worth. Significant time can be spent in servicing sponsorship and sometimes this time would be useful to the event if it were devoted to other forms of support (Watt, 1998). Finally, the image of sponsors’ may also leave bad impression on audience due to unpredicted failure, which may result in jeopardize the event itself (Crompton, 1994; Walker et al. , 2011). Therefore, other types of funding are essential to success of events. Ticket sales are one of the major revenue generating strategies for the event organizer to adopt in the modern events market (Raj et al. 2009). In the 2012 London Olympics, the ticket sales was reached 587,294 million (London 2012 Organising Committee, 2012). Moreover, government grants are keen to provide support to events not only for financial reasons but also expert advice and information (Raj et al. , 2009). Selling merchandises, broadcasting rights, perceiving donations and other types of funding can also act as financial support for the event industry . In conclusion, corporate sponsorship is important in the event industry for both event organizers and sponsors receive benefit from it. On the one hand, event organizers gain finical support, in-kind services and media coverage from sponsor, which can secure the income of events. In addition, intangible benefits such as positive influence from sponsors’ brand images are also pointed out. On the other hand, sponsors invest on events in exchange of more effective marketing strategy for financial purposes, brand building, better corporate image and facilitating employee relation. However, some pitfalls associated with sponsorship for both sponsors and event organizers are also critically discussed. The ambush market and â€Å"fit† theory between sponsors and events are two main issues that sponsors should take into consideration before investing on events. The unstable feature and sponsors’ influence on events’ performances are critical to event organizers when seeking for corporate sponsorships. Last but not the least, other sources of funding such as ticketing and government grants are vital financial support for events. It can be conclude that corporate sponsorship is important in the event industry, but the drawbacks should not be neglected and other types of funding are also necessary. How to cite Corporate Sponship in Event, Papers

Do You Want To Play At Questions free essay sample

? Rosencrants And Guildenstern Play Critique Essay, Research Paper Katrin Bachmeier Robertson Intro to Theatre 1131-01 10/26/00 Do you desire to play Questions? Tom Stoppard # 8217 ; s, # 8220 ; Rosencrantz A ; Guildenstern Are Dead # 8221 ; was directed and produced by Michael Robertson, in a two act show performed at the Whitney Fine Arts Theatre on Loring Park. Colored and patterned with existential philosophy and feelings of absurdness, the two chief characters Rosencrantz ( played by Michael Snyder ) and Guildenstern ( played by Kyle Bowe ) emerge and meet a universe where their significance is arbitrary and where they become victims of apparently random fortunes they neither proscribe nor control. The set ( tastily created by Rick Polenek ) was simple, abstract, and slightly au naturel. There were many degrees, a centre raised disc, ( which is where the extracts from Hamlet # 8217 ; s tribunal [ Colin Healy, Katrin Bachmeier, Mathew Falk, Jane Davich, and Jack Fits ] within the drama were enacted ) and an Elizabethan temper which left a great trade of leeway for the lighting interior decorator ( operated by Jocelyn Shackelford ) to be originative. We will write a custom essay sample on Do You Want To Play At Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The raised disc created a sense of distance between the phase for the tribunal, and Roz and Guil- Here, they find themselves in an # 8220 ; un- , sub, or supernatural universe # 8221 ; where they are forced to follow a function or encompass a destiny which has been sealed by another writer ( Shakespeare ) . Shackelford took advantage of this chance and brought is some gobo lighting such as a window shadow in the background of the tribunal scenes. Dustin Smith played classical guitar during the public presentation which added a delicious component and tone to the production. With many mentions to Becket, this existential/theatre of absurd # 8230 ; # 8220 ; thrives to show its sense of inanity of the human status and the insufficiency of the rational attack by the unfastened forsaking of Ra tional devices and dianoetic thought.† -Stoppard. # 8220 ; Do you desire to play inquiries # 8221 ; is one of the most memorable scenes from the show. During this duologue, Roz and Guil run out into the audience- interrupting the aesthetic distance between themselves and the audience and inquire each other inquiries related to the contingent nature of adult male # 8217 ; s being. The audience was peculiarly amused during this incident, and when Roz and Guil left the phase one time once more to catch their plans and denote their ambiguity toward the intermission that was shortly to follow. Bob Amaden did a fantastic occupation portraying the # 8220 ; Player # 8221 ; another chief character. He # 8217 ; s the # 8220 ; adult male in charge # 8221 ; so to talk. Directing the Tragedians, ( a little going moving group, common to the Elizabethen/Renaizance epoch ) comically depicted by Jesse Starbuck- ( Alfred ) , Katie Lynn, Tyler Christian-Dahl, Mathew Falk, and Katrin Bachmeier- ( who besides plays Ophelia, Hamlet # 8217 ; s love ) Bob # 8217 ; s personal appeal and stature make the show. In the universe which they inhibit, there doesn # 8217 ; t seem to be a steadfast line drawn between life and decease, the latter is simply an issue, insouciant, unstimulating, every bit undistinguished as the inside informations of the lives they live. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern merely disappear. Are they dead? Will they return to reiterate the experience following clip? We don # 8217 ; t truly cognize. But what is so fiddling anyway that, they have died a long clip ago. In a really existent sense, Roz and Guil is a premier illustration of what Nietzsche calls the # 8220 ; last work forces, # 8221 ; the life dead, as unauthentic and non-human as it is possible to acquire. That we get it and they don # 8217 ; t is the point. But watching them seek to acquire it do for a really really fun drive. The lingual tumblings, sexual insinuation and near rational girls throughought the drama intrigued and humored me greatly. Snyder and Bowe # 8230 ; Bowe and soft Snyder do a antic occupation doing two # 8220 ; nil # 8221 ; characters fun and sympathetic ( about ) something.